A 3D reconstruction of the shoulder joint provides a detailed, three-dimensional visualization of the complex anatomical structure that connects the upper arm to the torso. This intricate model typically highlights the humerus, scapula, and clavicle, showcasing their articulation at the glenohumeral joint, which is the primary ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder. The reconstruction reveals the glenoid cavity of the scapula, where the humeral head fits, surrounded by a rim of fibrocartilage known as the labrum, which enhances stability. Ligaments, such as the coracohumeral and glenohumeral ligaments, are often visible, illustrating their role in reinforcing the joint capsule. The rotator cuff muscles—supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis—can be observed enveloping the joint, providing dynamic support and enabling a wide range of motion. Tendons, cartilage, and bursae are also discernible, offering insight into the joint’s cushioning and lubrication mechanisms. This 3D perspective emphasizes the shoulder’s remarkable flexibility, while also underscoring its susceptibility to injury due to its relatively shallow socket and reliance on soft tissue for stability. Such reconstructions are invaluable for medical education, surgical planning, and understanding pathologies like dislocations or rotator cuff tears.

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