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Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) is a specialized X-ray imaging procedure used to visualize the structure and function of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder. It is typically performed to diagnose conditions such as kidney stones, tumors, structural abnormalities, urinary tract infections, or obstruction. In this procedure, a contrast dye (iodine-based) is injected into a vein, usually in the arm. This contrast is filtered by the kidneys and passes through the ureters into the bladder, outlining the urinary tract on a series of timed X-ray images. These images are taken at specific intervals to observe the excretion and flow of urine through the system, helping identify any blockages, delays, or anatomical defects. The patient may be asked to empty their bladder before the test, and sometimes a mild laxative or enema is given prior to the exam to clear the bowel for better image clarity. The procedure usually takes 30 to 60 minutes, depending on how quickly the kidneys excrete the contrast. During the exam, the patient lies on the X-ray table while images are taken from different angles. Some people may feel a warm sensation or flushing when the contrast is injected. IVP is generally safe, but it is not recommended for patients with severe kidney disease or allergies to iodine contrast. After the test, the contrast is naturally eliminated in the urine, and the patient is advised to drink plenty of fluids. Although CT urography has become more common today, IVP remains a valuable diagnostic tool, especially in settings where CT is not available, and continues to play a role in assessing urinary tract disorders.
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